Chitsulo chozungulira
Chitsulo chozungulira chimatanthawuza chingwe cholimba chachitsulo chokhala ndi gawo lozungulira.Mafotokozedwe ake amafotokozedwa m'mimba mwake, mamilimita (mm), monga "50mm" amatanthauza chitsulo chozungulira chokhala ndi 50 mm.
Chitsulo chozungulira chimagawidwa m'mitundu itatu: yotentha yotentha, yopukutira komanso yozizira.Zomwe zimapangidwira zitsulo zozungulira zozungulira ndi 5.5-250 mm.Pakati pawo: 5.5-25 mm chitsulo chozungulira chaching'ono chimaperekedwa makamaka m'mitolo yazitsulo zowongoka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zitsulo zachitsulo, mabawuti ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana zamakina;Chitsulo chozungulira chokulirapo kuposa 25 mm chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zida zamakina ndi machubu opanda mipope opanda zitsulo amadikirira.
Gulu lozungulira la bar
1.Kugawikana ndi mankhwala
Mpweya zitsulo akhoza kugawidwa mu otsika mpweya zitsulo, sing'anga mpweya zitsulo ndi mkulu mpweya zitsulo malinga zikuchokera mankhwala (ndiko, zili mpweya).
(1) Chitsulo chochepa
Zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti zitsulo zofatsa, zomwe zimakhala ndi kaboni zimachokera ku 0.10% mpaka 0.30%.Chitsulo chochepa cha carbon ndi chosavuta kuvomereza ma processing osiyanasiyana monga kupangira, kuwotcherera ndi kudula, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maunyolo, ma rivets, ma bolts, shafts, etc.
(2) Chitsulo chapakati cha carbon
Chitsulo cha carbon chokhala ndi mpweya wa 0.25% mpaka 0.60%.Pali kuphedwa zitsulo, theka-anapha zitsulo, otentha zitsulo ndi zinthu zina.Kuphatikiza pa kaboni, imathanso kukhala ndi manganese pang'ono (0.70% mpaka 1.20%).Malingana ndi khalidwe la mankhwala, amagawidwa kukhala zitsulo za carbon structural zitsulo komanso zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri za carbon structural.Kukonzekera bwino kwamafuta ndi ntchito yodula, kusagwira bwino ntchito kuwotcherera.Mphamvu ndi kuuma kwake ndikwapamwamba kuposa chitsulo chochepa cha carbon, koma pulasitiki ndi kulimba kwake ndizotsika kuposa chitsulo chochepa cha carbon.Zida zotentha komanso zozizira zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji popanda kutentha, kapena pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha.Sing'anga mpweya zitsulo pambuyo kuzimitsa ndi kutentha ali wabwino mabuku mawotchi katundu.Kulimba kwapamwamba komwe kungapezeke ndi pafupifupi HRC55 (HB538), ndipo σb ndi 600-1100MPa.Choncho, ntchito zosiyanasiyana za sing'anga mphamvu mlingo, sing'anga mpweya zitsulo ndi ambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito.Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zomangira, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zamakina osiyanasiyana.
(3) Chitsulo chachikulu cha carbon
Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa chitsulo chachitsulo, mpweya wa carbon umachokera ku 0.60% mpaka 1.70%, ndipo ukhoza kuumitsidwa ndi kupsya mtima.Nyundo, khwangwala, ndi zina zambiri zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wa 0,75%;zida zodulira monga kubowola, matepi, ma reamers, etc. amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wa 0.90% mpaka 1.00%.
2.Zosankhidwa ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali
Malinga ndi khalidwe la zitsulo, zikhoza kugawidwa mu zitsulo wamba mpweya ndi apamwamba mpweya zitsulo.
(1) Wamba mpweya structural zitsulo, amatchedwanso wamba mpweya zitsulo, ali ziletso lonse pa okhutira mpweya, osiyanasiyana ntchito, ndi zili phosphorous, sulfure ndi zinthu zina zotsalira.Ku China ndi mayiko ena, amagawidwa m'magulu atatu malinga ndi zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti aperekedwe: Gulu A zitsulo (Class A zitsulo) ndizitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi makina odalirika.Chitsulo cha Gulu B (Chitsulo cha Gulu B) ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi mankhwala otsimikizika.Chitsulo chapadera (C-mtundu wachitsulo) ndi chitsulo chomwe chimatsimikizira zonse zamakina ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zigawo zofunika kwambiri.China panopa imapanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri A3 zitsulo (Class A No. 3 zitsulo) ndi carbon content pafupifupi 0,20%, amene makamaka ntchito zomangamanga zomangamanga.
Zitsulo zina za carbon structural zimawonjezeranso kuchuluka kwa aluminiyamu kapena niobium (kapena zinthu zina zopanga carbide) kupanga nitrides kapena tinthu ta carbide kuti tichepetse kukula kwa mbewu.Kuti mudziwe zambiri za CNC, fufuzani nkhani ya anthu "NC programming teaching" pa WeChat, Limbitsani zitsulo ndikusunga chitsulo.Ku China ndi maiko ena, kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zapadera za zitsulo zamaluso, mankhwala opangidwa ndi zitsulo zamtundu wa carbon structural asinthidwa, motero akupanga zitsulo zamtundu wa carbon structural steel (monga milatho, nyumba), Zitsulo zachitsulo, zitsulo zotengera zokakamiza, etc.).
(2) Poyerekeza ndi wamba mpweya structural zitsulo, apamwamba mpweya structural zitsulo ali otsika zili sulfure, phosphorous ndi inclusions ena sanali zitsulo.Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kaboni ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito, chitsulo chamtunduwu chikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:
① Pansi pa 0.25% C ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri cha kaboni, makamaka 08F ndi 08Al wokhala ndi mpweya wochepera 0.10%, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zida zojambulira zakuya monga magalimoto ndi zitini chifukwa chokoka bwino komanso kuwotcherera ....... dikirani .20G ndiye chinthu chachikulu chopangira ma boiler wamba.Kuphatikiza apo, chitsulo chochepa cha carbon chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri ngati zitsulo zopangira makina opanga makina.
②0.25 ~ 0.60% C ndi chitsulo chapakati cha carbon, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo ozizimitsidwa komanso otenthedwa kuti apange magawo pamakampani opanga makina.
③ Zoposa 0.6% C ndi chitsulo cha carbon, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga akasupe, magiya, masikono, ndi zina zotero. Malingana ndi manganese osiyanasiyana, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri achitsulo omwe ali ndi manganese wamba (0.25-0.8) %) ndi manganese apamwamba (0.7-1.0% ndi 0.9-1.2%).Manganese amatha kusintha kuuma kwachitsulo, kulimbitsa ferrite, ndikusintha mphamvu zokolola, mphamvu zamakokedwe komanso kukana kwachitsulo.Nthawi zambiri, chizindikiro "Mn" chimawonjezeredwa pambuyo pa chitsulo chokhala ndi manganese ambiri, monga 15Mn ndi 20Mn, kuti asiyanitse ndi chitsulo cha carbon ndi manganese wamba.
3.Kugawa ndi cholinga
Malinga ndi ntchito, akhoza kugawidwa mu carbon structural zitsulo ndi mpweya chida zitsulo.
Chitsulo chachitsulo cha carbon The carbon content ndi pakati pa 0,65 ndi 1.35%.Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha, kuuma kwakukulu ndi kukana kuvala kwakukulu kungapezeke.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zida zosiyanasiyana, zida zodulira, nkhungu ndi zida zoyezera (onani chida chachitsulo).
Mpweya structural zitsulo amagawidwa 5 kalasi malinga ndi zokolola mphamvu zitsulo:
Q195, Q215, Q235, Q255, Q275
Mtundu uliwonse umagawidwa m'makalasi A, B, C, ndi D chifukwa chamitundu yosiyanasiyana.Pali mitundu inayi kwambiri, ndipo ina ili ndi imodzi yokha;kuonjezera apo, pali kusiyana mu njira deoxidation zitsulo smelting.
Chizindikiro cha njira ya deoxygenation:
F - chitsulo chowira
b——chitsulo chakufa
Z——chitsulo chakupha
TZ——chitsulo chapadera chophedwa
Zida zozungulira zitsulo: Q195, Q235, 10 #, 20 #, 35 #, 45 #, Q215, Q235, Q345, 12Cr1Mov, 15CrMo, 304, 316, 20Cr, 40Cr, 20CRMov, 35CrMov, 30CrMov, 30CrMov 5, 65Mn , 50Mn, 50Cr, 3Cr2W8V, 20CrMnTi, 5CrMnMo, etc.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-05-2023